經濟學原理（第 2 版）

第 1 章歡迎來到經濟學！Welcome to Economics!

1. 1.1什麼是經濟學？為什麼它很重要？What Is Economics, and Why Is It Important?
2. 1.2個體經濟學與總體經濟學Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
3. 1.3經濟學家如何運用理論與模型理解經濟議題How Economists Use Theories and Models to Understand Economic Issues
4. 1.4如何組織經濟：經濟體制概觀How To Organize Economies: An Overview of Economic Systems

第 2 章稀少性世界中的選擇Choice in a World of Scarcity

1. 2.1個人如何根據預算限制做出選擇How Individuals Make Choices Based on Their Budget Constraint
2. 2.2生產可能曲線與社會選擇The Production Possibilities Frontier and Social Choices
3. 2.3回應對經濟學方法的質疑Confronting Objections to the Economic Approach

第 3 章需求與供給Demand and Supply

1. 3.1商品與服務市場中的需求、供給與均衡Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services
2. 3.2商品與服務的需求與供給移動Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services
3. 3.3均衡價格與數量的變動：四步驟分析法Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The Four-Step Process
4. 3.4價格上限與價格下限Price Ceilings and Price Floors
5. 3.5需求、供給與效率Demand, Supply, and Efficiency

第 4 章勞動與金融市場Labor and Financial Markets

1. 4.1需求與供給在勞動市場中的運作Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets
2. 4.2金融市場中的需求與供給Demand and Supply in Financial Markets
3. 4.3市場體系作為有效率的資訊機制The Market System as an Efficient Mechanism for Information

第 5 章彈性Elasticity

1. 5.1需求價格彈性與供給價格彈性Price Elasticity of Demand and Price Elasticity of Supply
2. 5.2彈性的極端情形與固定彈性Polar Cases of Elasticity and Constant Elasticity
3. 5.3彈性與定價Elasticity and Pricing
4. 5.4價格以外的彈性Elasticity in Areas Other Than Price

第 6 章消費者選擇Consumer Choices

1. 6.1消費選擇Consumption Choices
2. 6.2所得與價格變動如何影響消費選擇How Changes in Income and Prices Affect Consumption Choices
3. 6.3行為經濟學：消費者選擇的另一種框架Behavioral Economics: An Alternative Framework for Consumer Choice

第 7 章生產、成本與產業結構Production, Costs, and Industry Structure

1. 7.1外顯成本與隱含成本，會計利潤與經濟利潤Explicit and Implicit Costs, and Accounting and Economic Profit
2. 7.2短期生產Production in the Short Run
3. 7.3短期成本Costs in the Short Run
4. 7.4長期生產Production in the Long Run
5. 7.5長期成本Costs in the Long Run

第 8 章完全競爭Perfect Competition

1. 8.1完全競爭及其重要性Perfect Competition and Why It Matters
2. 8.2完全競爭廠商如何決定產量How Perfectly Competitive Firms Make Output Decisions
3. 8.3長期的進入與退出決策Entry and Exit Decisions in the Long Run
4. 8.4完全競爭市場的效率Efficiency in Perfectly Competitive Markets

第 9 章獨占Monopoly

1. 9.1獨占如何形成：進入障礙How Monopolies Form: Barriers to Entry
2. 9.2追求利潤極大的獨占者如何選擇產量與價格How a Profit-Maximizing Monopoly Chooses Output and Price

第 10 章獨占性競爭與寡占Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly

1. 10.1獨占性競爭Monopolistic Competition
2. 10.2寡占Oligopoly

第 11 章獨占與反托拉斯政策Monopoly and Antitrust Policy

1. 11.1企業合併Corporate Mergers
2. 11.2管制反競爭行為Regulating Anticompetitive Behavior
3. 11.3管制自然獨占Regulating Natural Monopolies
4. 11.4大解除管制實驗The Great Deregulation Experiment

第 12 章環境保護與負外部性Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities

1. 12.1污染的經濟學The Economics of Pollution
2. 12.2命令與控制式管制Command-and-Control Regulation
3. 12.3市場導向的環境工具Market-Oriented Environmental Tools
4. 12.4美國環保法規的效益與成本The Benefits and Costs of U.S. Environmental Laws
5. 12.5國際環境議題International Environmental Issues
6. 12.6經濟產出與環境保護之間的取捨The Tradeoff between Economic Output and Environmental Protection

第 13 章正外部性與公共財Positive Externalities and Public Goods

1. 13.1民間部門為何對創新投資不足Why the Private Sector Underinvests in Innovation
2. 13.2政府如何鼓勵創新How Governments Can Encourage Innovation
3. 13.3公共財Public Goods

第 14 章勞動市場與所得Labor Markets and Income

1. 14.1勞動市場理論The Theory of Labor Markets
2. 14.2不完全競爭勞動市場中的工資與就業Wages and Employment in an Imperfectly Competitive Labor Market
3. 14.3勞動供給面的市場力量：工會Market Power on the Supply Side of Labor Markets: Unions
4. 14.4雙邊獨占Bilateral Monopoly
5. 14.5就業歧視Employment Discrimination
6. 14.6移民Immigration

第 15 章貧窮與經濟不平等Poverty and Economic Inequality

1. 15.1劃定貧窮線Drawing the Poverty Line
2. 15.2貧窮陷阱The Poverty Trap
3. 15.3社會安全網The Safety Net
4. 15.4所得不平等：衡量與成因Income Inequality: Measurement and Causes
5. 15.5降低所得不平等的政府政策Government Policies to Reduce Income Inequality

第 16 章資訊、風險與保險Information, Risk, and Insurance

1. 16.1不完全資訊與資訊不對稱的問題The Problem of Imperfect Information and Asymmetric Information
2. 16.2保險與不完全資訊Insurance and Imperfect Information

第 17 章金融市場Financial Markets

1. 17.1企業如何籌措金融資本How Businesses Raise Financial Capital
2. 17.2家庭如何供給金融資本How Households Supply Financial Capital
3. 17.3如何累積個人財富How to Accumulate Personal Wealth

第 18 章公共經濟Public Economy

1. 18.1選民參與和選舉成本Voter Participation and Costs of Elections
2. 18.2特殊利益政治Special Interest Politics
3. 18.3民主政府體制的缺陷Flaws in the Democratic System of Government

第 19 章總體經濟觀點The Macroeconomic Perspective

1. 19.1衡量經濟規模：國內生產毛額Measuring the Size of the Economy: Gross Domestic Product
2. 19.2將名目值調整為實質值Adjusting Nominal Values to Real Values
3. 19.3追蹤實質 GDP 的長期變化Tracking Real GDP over Time
4. 19.4比較各國的 GDPComparing GDP among Countries
5. 19.5GDP 衡量社會福祉的程度How Well GDP Measures the Well-Being of Society

第 20 章經濟成長Economic Growth

1. 20.1經濟成長其實出現得很晚The Relatively Recent Arrival of Economic Growth
2. 20.2勞動生產力與經濟成長Labor Productivity and Economic Growth
3. 20.3經濟成長的組成要素Components of Economic Growth
4. 20.4經濟趨同Economic Convergence

第 21 章失業Unemployment

1. 21.1經濟學家如何定義與計算失業率How Economists Define and Compute Unemployment Rate
2. 21.2失業的型態Patterns of Unemployment
3. 21.3什麼原因造成短期失業變動What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Short Run
4. 21.4什麼原因造成長期失業變動What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run

第 22 章通貨膨脹Inflation

1. 22.1追蹤通貨膨脹Tracking Inflation
2. 22.2如何衡量生活費用的變化How to Measure Changes in the Cost of Living
3. 22.3美國與其他國家如何經歷通貨膨脹How the U.S. and Other Countries Experience Inflation
4. 22.4對通貨膨脹的誤解The Confusion Over Inflation
5. 22.5指數化及其限制Indexing and Its Limitations

第 23 章國際貿易與資本流動The International Trade and Capital Flows

1. 23.1衡量貿易餘額Measuring Trade Balances
2. 23.2歷史與國際脈絡下的貿易餘額Trade Balances in Historical and International Context
3. 23.3貿易餘額與金融資本流動Trade Balances and Flows of Financial Capital
4. 23.4國民儲蓄與投資恆等式The National Saving and Investment Identity
5. 23.5貿易赤字與順差的利弊The Pros and Cons of Trade Deficits and Surpluses
6. 23.6貿易水準與貿易餘額的差別The Difference between Level of Trade and the Trade Balance

第 24 章總需求與總供給模型The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model

1. 24.1總體經濟對需求與供給的觀點Macroeconomic Perspectives on Demand and Supply
2. 24.2建立總需求與總供給模型Building a Model of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
3. 24.3總供給的移動Shifts in Aggregate Supply
4. 24.4總需求的移動Shifts in Aggregate Demand
5. 24.5AD/AS 模型如何納入成長、失業與通貨膨脹How the AD/AS Model Incorporates Growth, Unemployment, and Inflation
6. 24.6AD/AS 模型中的凱因斯法則與賽伊法則Keynes’ Law and Say’s Law in the AD/AS Model

第 25 章凱因斯學派觀點The Keynesian Perspective

1. 25.1凱因斯分析中的總需求Aggregate Demand in Keynesian Analysis
2. 25.2凱因斯分析的基本要素The Building Blocks of Keynesian Analysis
3. 25.3菲利浦曲線The Phillips Curve
4. 25.4凱因斯學派對市場力量的看法The Keynesian Perspective on Market Forces

第 26 章新古典學派觀點The Neoclassical Perspective

1. 26.1新古典分析的基本要素The Building Blocks of Neoclassical Analysis
2. 26.2新古典觀點的政策意涵The Policy Implications of the Neoclassical Perspective
3. 26.3平衡凱因斯學派與新古典學派模型Balancing Keynesian and Neoclassical Models

第 27 章貨幣與銀行Money and Banking

1. 27.1從功能定義貨幣Defining Money by Its Functions
2. 27.2衡量貨幣：通貨、M1 與 M2Measuring Money: Currency, M1, and M2
3. 27.3銀行的角色The Role of Banks
4. 27.4銀行如何創造貨幣How Banks Create Money

第 28 章貨幣政策與銀行管制Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation

1. 28.1聯邦準備體系與中央銀行The Federal Reserve Banking System and Central Banks
2. 28.2銀行管制Bank Regulation
3. 28.3中央銀行如何執行貨幣政策How a Central Bank Executes Monetary Policy
4. 28.4貨幣政策與經濟成果Monetary Policy and Economic Outcomes
5. 28.5貨幣政策的陷阱Pitfalls for Monetary Policy

第 29 章匯率與國際資本流動Exchange Rates and International Capital Flows

1. 29.1外匯市場如何運作How the Foreign Exchange Market Works
2. 29.2外匯市場的需求與供給移動Demand and Supply Shifts in Foreign Exchange Markets
3. 29.3匯率的總體經濟效果Macroeconomic Effects of Exchange Rates
4. 29.4匯率政策Exchange Rate Policies

第 30 章政府預算與財政政策Government Budgets and Fiscal Policy

1. 30.1政府支出Government Spending
2. 30.2租稅Taxation
3. 30.3聯邦赤字與國債Federal Deficits and the National Debt
4. 30.4運用財政政策對抗衰退、失業與通貨膨脹Using Fiscal Policy to Fight Recession, Unemployment, and Inflation
5. 30.5自動穩定機制Automatic Stabilizers
6. 30.6裁量性財政政策的實務問題Practical Problems with Discretionary Fiscal Policy
7. 30.7平衡預算的問題The Question of a Balanced Budget

第 31 章政府借款的影響The Impacts of Government Borrowing

1. 31.1政府借款如何影響投資與貿易餘額How Government Borrowing Affects Investment and the Trade Balance
2. 31.2財政政策與貿易餘額Fiscal Policy and the Trade Balance
3. 31.3政府借款如何影響民間儲蓄How Government Borrowing Affects Private Saving
4. 31.4財政政策、投資與經濟成長Fiscal Policy, Investment, and Economic Growth

第 32 章全球各地的總體經濟政策Macroeconomic Policy Around the World

1. 32.1全球各國與經濟體的多樣性The Diversity of Countries and Economies across the World
2. 32.2提升各國的生活水準Improving Countries’ Standards of Living
3. 32.3全球各地失業的成因Causes of Unemployment around the World
4. 32.4各國與各地區通貨膨脹的成因Causes of Inflation in Various Countries and Regions
5. 32.5貿易餘額的疑慮Balance of Trade Concerns

第 33 章國際貿易International Trade

1. 33.1絕對利益與比較利益Absolute and Comparative Advantage
2. 33.2當一國在所有商品上都具絕對利益時會如何What Happens When a Country Has an Absolute Advantage in All Goods
3. 33.3相似經濟體之間的產業內貿易Intra-industry Trade between Similar Economies
4. 33.4降低國際貿易障礙的好處The Benefits of Reducing Barriers to International Trade

第 34 章全球化與保護主義Globalization and Protectionism

1. 34.1保護主義：消費者對生產者的間接補貼Protectionism: An Indirect Subsidy from Consumers to Producers
2. 34.2國際貿易對就業、工資與工作條件的影響International Trade and Its Effects on Jobs, Wages, and Working Conditions
3. 34.3支持限制進口的論點Arguments in Support of Restricting Imports
4. 34.4政府如何制定貿易政策：全球、區域與國內How Governments Enact Trade Policy: Globally, Regionally, and Nationally
5. 34.5貿易政策的取捨The Tradeoffs of Trade Policy